A switchboard is a crucial component in electrical installations, serving as the central hub for controlling and distributing electricity within a building or facility. It houses circuit breakers, switches, and protective devices that help regulate power flow, ensuring both efficiency and safety. Additionally, switchboards are designed to manage electrical loads, prevent overloads, and minimize risks such as short circuits or electrical faults. Different types of switchboards, including Main Switchboards (MSB), Distribution Boards (DB), and Motor Control Centers (MCC), serve specific functions in electrical systems, optimizing performance and safety.
1. Main Switchboard (MSB) – Primary Power Control
The main switchboard (MSB) acts as the primary control center in an electrical installation. It receives power from a utility or generator and distributes electricity to various sub-circuits and loads throughout a building or facility. Additionally, it houses circuit breakers, switches, and other protective devices, ensuring safe and efficient power management.
2. Sub-Main Switchboard (SMSB) – Secondary Power Distribution
The sub-main switchboard (SMSB) serves as a secondary distribution point, receiving power from the MSB and directing it to specific zones within a facility. Like the MSB, it contains circuit breakers and protective devices to ensure safe operation while dividing electrical loads effectively.
3. Final Distribution Board (FDB) – Last Stop Before Loads
The final distribution board (FDB) is the last switchboard before electrical loads receive power. It distributes electricity from the SMSB or MSB to individual circuits, such as lighting, receptacles, and equipment. To maintain safety, it houses circuit breakers and switches, offering protective control over each circuit.
4. Motor Control Center (MCC) – Managing Electric Motors
Designed specifically for electric motor operations, the motor control center (MCC) contains motor starters, contactors, and overload relays. These components facilitate starting, stopping, and protecting multiple motors, making MCCs essential for industrial and commercial settings.
5. Power Distribution Board (PDB) – Handling High-Power Loads
The power distribution board (PDB) is used in applications where large electrical loads—such as air conditioning units, elevators, and heavy machinery—need stable power. It houses circuit breakers and switches, ensuring secure power distribution and protecting electrical circuits from overloads.
6. Lighting Distribution Board (LDB) – Organizing Lighting Circuits
A lighting distribution board (LDB) controls power for multiple lighting circuits in commercial and residential buildings. It contains circuit breakers and switches, offering structured control while ensuring optimal lighting functionality and safety.
7. Feeder Pillar – Outdoor Electrical Applications
Used for street lighting, traffic signals, and outdoor equipment, the feeder pillar protects electrical components from weather elements. It houses circuit breakers and protective devices, ensuring long-lasting, reliable operation in outdoor environments.